GERUND

Types of Gerund

On teaching, the attitude of teachers, teaching methods, learning materials, instructional media, appraisal of teaching greatly influences the interest and motivation of students in learning.

A teacher should have learning strategies to make the learning process more fun and students more anthusiastic about learning. To create it, the teacher should do some approaches and create a pleasant atmosphere. In addition, students are given guidance and direction by the teacher that learning experience a meaningful and productive is important. In learn English, We are required to master the Gerund.

Environment also has an important role in the learning process. The school environment clean and be able to support students in achieving good results in optimum. In teaching gerund, create a learning environment filled with trust, creativity, and fun can enhance the learning process and motivation.

Types of the gerund

a. Gerunds as Subjects

If a gerund is used as the subject, then it can be stand alone or form of the phrase, as in the following examples:

Reading helps you learn English.

Smoking is not good for our health.

Swimming is a good sport.

Studying is hard work.

Playing football is my hobby.

Reading English is easier than speaking it.

In sentences above, reading, smoking, swimming, studying, and playing are the subject of the verb is. Because they function as a noncountable noun, it is followed by the singular verb is.

b. Gerunds as Direct Object

Gerunds are used as a direct object in a sentence, as in the following examples:

Some students enjoy studying.

She likes shopping.

Would you mind closing the door?.

Bob finished studying at midnight.

In sentences, studying, shopping, and closing, are the object of the verb enjoy, likes, mind, and finished, a verb that is followed by a gerund form of another verb.

Common verbs followed by a gerund. Decapua, ( 2008:432 )

acknowledge	defer	enjoy	miss
admit	delay	escape	postpone
anticipate	deplore	finish	quit
appreciate	deny	imagine	recall
avoid	detest	keep	recommend
consider	dislike	mention	recollect
complete	discuss	mind	regret
defend	endure	resent	resist
resume	risk	suggest	stop
tolerate

Examples in sentences:

She acknowledged receiving assistance.

They admitted falsifying the data.

He anticipates having trouble with his supervisor.

I appreciated having a chance to read your draft.

He avoided answering my question.

They will consider granting you money.

I finally completed writing my thesis.

The lawyer defended her making such statements.

I tolerated her talking.

She deferred writing her report.

We delayed reporting the results until we were sure.

They denied copying the information.

She dislikes working after 5 pm.

We discussed working at the company.

She risks losing her viewing time.

We enjoy hiking.

He finished doing his homework.

He imagines working there one day.

She kept interrupting me.

The author mentions seeing this event.

I don’t mind helping you.

He resented spending so much time on the project.

I suggest repeating the experiment.

She misses living near the beach.

The committee has postponed writing the report.

Brian quit smoking.

I can not recall getting those results before.

She recommends reading Marx.

She recollected living in Kenya.

She regretted saying that.

The writer resists giving any easy answers.

She stopped working at 5 o'clock.

Common verbs followed by a gerund: No change in meaning. Decapua, ( 2008:432 )

attempt	deserve	intend	prefer
begin	dislike	like	propose
cease	dread	love	start
Can’t stand	hate	neglect	undertake
continue	hesitate

Examples in sentences:

I began learning Chinese.

The government ceased providing free healthcare.

He can’t stand her smoking in the office.

He continued talking.

She dislikes working after 5 pm.

She dreads getting up at 5 am.

I hate cleaning the bathroom.

She likes listening to music.

I love swimming.

Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.

He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater.

I proposed having lunch at the beach.

He started studying harder.

Common verbs followed by a gerund: with change in meaning. Decapua, ( 2008:432 )

attempt	forget	mean	refret
remember	stop	try	propose

Examples in sentences:

I forgot giving you my book.

I remember telling her the address yesterday.

She stopped working at 5 o'clock.

Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.

I proposed having lunch at the beach.

c. Gerunds as Object of Preposition

Gerund is used as a object of the preposition situated after prepositions. Prepositions are often used are of, on, no, with, without, at, for, after, before, because of, to, like, about, by and in. Using gerund as the objects of preposition, As in the following examples:

She is always fond of talking.

In sleeping I met you in the park.

Nothing stops Lucy from studying.

They went on arguing.

I have no objection to hearing your story.

They are good at telling funny stories.

In sentences above, talking, sleeping, studying, arguing, hearing and telling are the object of the preposition of, in, from, on, to and at.

Gerund phrases function in the sentence exactly as simple gerund do. Both are used in noun positions. As in the following examples:

Listening requires patince.

Listening to the radio is good practice in understanding English. ( as subject )

John enjoys camping.

John enjoys camping in the mountain. ( as direct object )

I am tired of arguing.

I am tired of arguing with my advistor. ( as object of a preposition )

d. Gerund as Subject Complement

Gerund can be used as subject complement. Gerund as a complement of the subject in a sentence is usually always preceded to be located between the subject and the subjective complement. For examples:

Lucy’s favorite activity is studying.

Lucy’s favorite activity is studying English grammar.

Rina’s hobby is swimming.

Her favorite sport is reading.

In sentences above, studying, swimming and reading are subject complement because they are renaming or identifying the subject of the verb.

e. Gerund Used after Possessive

Since gerund function as nouns, it can take possessive pronouns or be preceded by nouns with possessive’ inflection. For examples:

Thanks for your coming.

Jim is sad about their leaving.

His coming late created problems. ( possessive pronoun before gerund phrase) Decapua ( 2008:387).

Jude’s writing was very good. ( possessive ‘s inflection on a proper noun before the gerund phrase)

The cat’s puring soothed the baby. ( possessive ‘s inflection on a noun before the gerund phrase)

f. Gerund Used in the Negative Adjective ‘No’

Gerunds are often used negatively. Both gerunds and gerund phrases are made negative by the addition of not before the verbal:

Not studying can be a problem. ( Decapua, 2008:385 )

Not studying English Grammar can be a problem.

Gerund is used to create restrictions or a short warning. In the sentence the prohobition, we often use the word " no " and afterwards usually placed verb + ing. It is the gerund. For examples:

No smoking!

No Parking in this area!

No cheating in the test!

g. Gerund as Appositive

In addition, the gerund can also be used as an appositive. This is because the gerund is a verbal, that is a word that is formed from a verb, but it serves as a part of speech (noun).For examples:

- Her favorite exercise, swimming in the pool, makes her body strong

- She has a bad habit, gambling.

- His hobby, sailing, takes a lot of time.

- His hobby, sailing across the Pacific ocean, takes a lot of time.

- My hobby, fishing, is interesting.

- Her job, journalizing, is not easy.

- The skills, reading and writing, were taught to us by our teachersince we were in kindergarden.