NOUN CLAUSE ( KLAUSA NOMINA )

A noun clause is used as a subject and a object.

     Contoh:

1. I don’t know where she lives.

2. I couldn’t hear what he said.

3. Do you know when they arrive?

4. I don’t know who she is.

5. I wonder whose house that is.

6. What she said surprised me.

7. I don’t know whether/if she will come.

8. I think that he is a good programmer.

Jika kata what, where, who, whose, that when diletakkan di tengah kalimat, maka setelah wh-2 tersebut langsung subjek, bukan kata kerja bantu. Contoh no.4, bukan I don’t know where is she tetapi setelah where harus subjek dulu, jadi seperti no.4 tetapi kalau kelompok wh-2 digunakan sebagai kalimat tanya dan diletakkan di awal kalimat, maka setelah wh- 2 datang kata kerja bantu. Misal where is your file?, bukan where your file is? When did you complete your report? Bukan When you completed your report?

Perhatikan dialogue di bawah ini 

You seem a bit upset – why is that?

Well, you see,  I applied for a job that I saw advertised last month. But you didn’t get it? 

No, I phoned first and then I wrote a longer leter. And the letter that I got back was just a photocopy ! It said that the job that I wanted had already been given to someone inside the company.

But you thought that it was still vacant?

Yes, the person who spoke to me on the phone told me the post was vacant.

How annoying?

 

Instead of that we can use which; instead of who we can use that . If, and only if, the subordinate clause (In italics in the examples) has a  subject within it, we can omit who or that. 

 

Is everything is OK with our order?

No, the documents (that/which) you mailed to us last week haven’t arrived.

Can I discuss the matter with someone else, please?

No, I’m afraid the person who/that knows about this is not available right now.

Whom is more common in formal writing than in conversation.

We might write but we’d say:

The person to whom you spoke was …      The person you spoke to was ..

The people with whom I am working ..      The people I’m working with …

The man from whom I received the letter..    The man I got the letter from ..

 

Non Identifying Relative Clause

These are used to give more information about a known person or thing. They are more common in writing than in speech – again, notice the use of commas:

Alex, who wrote to you about this, is no longer wit our firm.

Getting a good job, which everyone has a right to, is not easy.

The application form, which is enclosed with this letter, must be returned to us by April 24.

Please telephone Maska, whose extension number is 999.

Mr Gay, to whom you spoke yesterday, is our Personnel Manager.

Three directors of PT. STAR are discussing  the financial situation of their company. Marga is the firm’s chairman; his brother Maska, managing director; Ira is company  secretary.